Glossary for Indian SMBs

57 essential terms covering India regulatory (DPDP, GST, RERA, FSSAI, MSME), WhatsApp Business API, payments, marketing metrics, AI, and SaaS — written in plain English with India-specific context, examples, and FAQ.

Regulatory & Tax (21)

CIN (Corporate Identification Number)

21-character ID assigned by MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) to every Indian incorporated company.

DGFT

Directorate General of Foreign Trade — the agency under the Ministry of Commerce that regulates imports and exports in India.

DPDP Act

India's Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 — the country's first comprehensive personal data protection law.

FSSAI

Food Safety and Standards Authority of India — the regulator for food businesses in India.

GSTIN

Goods and Services Tax Identification Number — a 15-character ID assigned to every GST-registered business in India.

GSTR-1

Monthly (or quarterly) statement of outward supplies — every B2B and B2C invoice your business issued in the period.

GSTR-3B

Monthly self-declared summary of all outward and inward supplies and tax liability — the form you actually pay GST against.

HSN Code

Harmonized System of Nomenclature — a 4-8 digit code that classifies goods under GST for tax rate determination.

IEC (Importer Exporter Code)

10-digit code from DGFT required for any import or export of goods/services from India.

IRN (Invoice Reference Number)

Unique 64-character hash generated by GST Network's Invoice Registration Portal — required for e-invoicing.

ITC (Input Tax Credit)

Credit you can claim for GST already paid on business purchases — reduces what you owe in GST.

MSME

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise — government classification with benefits for businesses below specific turnover thresholds.

PAN

Permanent Account Number — 10-character alphanumeric ID issued by Income Tax Department, used as universal taxpayer ID.

Place of Supply (GST)

GST rule that determines which state/UT gets the tax on a transaction — drives whether CGST+SGST or IGST applies.

RCM (Reverse Charge Mechanism)

GST mechanism where the recipient (you) pays GST instead of the supplier — applies to imports and specific notified services.

RERA

Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 — regulates real estate developers and protects homebuyers in India.

TAN (Tax Deduction Account Number)

10-character alphanumeric ID required for any business deducting Tax at Source (TDS) — separate from PAN.

TCS (Tax Collected at Source)

Mechanism where the seller collects tax from the buyer at the time of sale — opposite of TDS.

TDS

Tax Deducted at Source — mechanism where the payer deducts income tax before paying the recipient, then deposits with the government.

TRAI DND

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India's Do-Not-Disturb registry — restricts unsolicited commercial communication via SMS and calls.

Udyam Registration

Online MSME registration system that replaced the older Udyog Aadhaar in July 2020.

WhatsApp & Messaging (7)

Payments (3)

Marketing & Sales Metrics (14)

ACV (Annual Contract Value)

Annualized value of one customer contract — used for measuring deal size in B2B SaaS.

AOV (Average Order Value)

Average rupee value per customer transaction — key revenue lever for ecommerce.

ARR (Annual Recurring Revenue)

Annual run-rate of recurring revenue — the standard valuation metric for subscription businesses.

CAC (Customer Acquisition Cost)

Total marketing + sales spend divided by new customers acquired — measures how much it costs to bring in one customer.

Churn

% of customers who cancel or stop subscribing in a period — one of the most important SaaS health metrics.

Deal Cycle

Average time from lead created to closed-won — measures sales velocity.

GMV (Gross Merchandise Value)

Total value of merchandise sold through a marketplace or platform — gross of returns, refunds, and platform commissions.

ICP (Ideal Customer Profile)

Detailed description of the customer you should be targeting — the highest-fit, highest-LTV, most-likely-to-succeed segment.

LTV (Lifetime Value)

Total revenue (or profit) one customer generates over their entire relationship with the business.

MQL (Marketing Qualified Lead)

Lead deemed worth talking to by marketing — meets initial criteria but hasn't been validated by sales.

MRR (Monthly Recurring Revenue)

Predictable monthly revenue from subscriptions — the foundational metric for SaaS and any subscription business.

ROAS (Return on Ad Spend)

Revenue generated per rupee of ad spend — direct measure of advertising efficiency.

RTO (Return to Origin)

Ecommerce metric — % of orders that come back undelivered, typical pain point for COD-heavy Indian D2C.

Win Rate

% of qualified opportunities (SQLs) that convert to closed-won customers.

AI & Voice (5)

SaaS & Engineering (6)

Ecommerce (1)

Doggu speaks all of these languages.

GST-ready invoicing, DPDP-compliant consent capture, RERA-friendly broadcast templates, WhatsApp Business API with auto-localization — Doggu was built for this regulatory environment.

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